When you work in a Locktender’s House, you are constantly reminded of the people who once lived here and worked the lock so many years ago. We know from first-person accounts that lock tending was a demanding, low-wage job. One main benefit was free housing. And back in the day, “free” didn’t get you much.
There were 23 locks along the Delaware Canal, and 17 Locktenders were initially employed to ensure the canal boats could travel through the locks as efficiently as possible. Several sections of the Canal required adjacent locks to accommodate the drop in elevation. In those instances, a Locktender was responsible for two closely situated locks.
An example of this could be found in New Hope, where Locks 8 & 9, along with a guard lock were the responsibility of one Locktender. The same was true of Locks 10 and 11. In New Hope, you will find three Locktenders’ houses within less than ½ mile.
The original list of Locktenders included*:
John Hibbs – Lock 1 and the Tide Lock
Elias Gilkyson – Locks 2 and 3
Samuel Daniels – Locks 8, 9, and Guard Lock in New Hope
Samuel Stockdan – Locks 10 and 11
George Solliday – Locks 13 and 14
Mahlon Smith – Locks 15 and 16
Joseph Shepard – Locks 22 and 23
Lock 11 and the adjacent house serve as the headquarters of the Friends of the Delaware Canal. This house is still a mystery. Research indicates that the building pre-dates the construction of the Canal and was likely built by Lewis Coryell, who owned the land and worked as the engineer on this section of the Canal. The original first floor of the structure is now underground. The street elevation was raised at some point, and the first floor was filled in.
Dawn to Dusk
The workday of the boatmen and Locktenders began before dawn, and it lasted well into the night. During the height of canal activity, Locktenders became very efficient at locking boats through. And with the help of a willing boat crew, the task could take three to four minutes.
As the canal boat captain signaled their approach, the Locktender would be ready to guide them through. The captain would throw a line with a loop at the end, which the Locktender would attach to a cleat on the lock. The captain would then “snub” or tether the boat before hitting the lower gate.
As the boat sank, the captain would release the line. The boat would sink to level and continue the journey.
Heavy traffic was managed by locking distance markers which were guideposts placed a hundred plus yards away from the lock in either direction. The rule is that you could proceed if you were in the locking distance before another boat.
However, the Locktender had discretion here. If the lock were ready for a boat coming north, the boats traveling in the opposite direction would need to wait. The widening of the locks helped ease the captains’ tension, who were eager to get on their way. These locks allowed two boats to lock in simultaneously and improved overall traffic flow in the busiest sections of the Canal.
At night, the Locktender would signal that the gate was open by waving a lantern. If the lock was closed, a ruby-colored lamp would be placed in the window of the wicket shanty. When the Canal opened, the boats traveled day and night, leaving no rest for the Locktender. By the mid-1850s, however, this changed, and Locktenders worked from 4:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. every day except Sunday.
Since the Locktenders were responsible for keeping the traffic moving, they became very
adept at anticipating oncoming traffic. Once they heard the sound of the approaching boat, which could be a bugle or a conch shell, they would reply with their own response to indicate whether the lock was open or closed. Boat captains were always in a hurry. The more trips they made, the more money they made, so in general, they were an impatient crowd. Fights over who could lock in first were a daily occurrence in the early years. And stories tell us that Locktenders were sometimes forced to throw the brawling parties into the Canal to cool off tempers.
A Family Affair
A Locktender wasn’t paid much, so they often had to supplement their income by taking other jobs during the day. This meant the whole family was put into service, locking in the boats as needed. One source said that as soon as a child was strong enough to work the wickets, they were “hired” for the job.
Many Locktenders and their wives also earned extra money, supplying boatmen with provisions. Often, these industrious families would grow vegetables and some livestock, if they had the room, and would sell or barter with the boat captains. Some wives would sell baked goods and launder clothes. Still others would provide stable space for mules to rest in the evening. Boatmen gave these houses names such as the laundry lock or the mule barn lock.
Locktender’s family
Locktender Houses
According to research from the Heritage Conservancy, 16 Locktender’s houses were built along the Delaware Canal for $9,200.46. These houses were small but well-built. Most were constructed with stone. However, storms and floods led to the rebuilding of many original structures along the Canal. All but one house was built before electricity became available.
Most houses were two stories with two rooms downstairs and a kitchen. Upstairs there would be two or three bedrooms. The bathroom was usually an outhouse. And not surprisingly, they were heated with coal, which was often traded or purchased from canal boat captains. Any land adjacent to the house was put to good use. Gardens, chickens, and even some larger livestock helped feed the family and the passing boatmen. Without this supplemental income, most families could not survive.
A Living Legacy
Like many historic sites, several Lockhouses have been lost to time. However, some still remain. Several are used by the park service, including our headquarters, yet others are now private residences.
When it became clear the Canal would be sold to the State of Pennsylvania, the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company offered to sell the Lockhouses to company employees. One account was discovered and shared by a FODC member who is fortunate to live in a Locktender’s house today.
As you can tell from the following letter, these Lockhouses were prized for their location and historical connection. Today, the current owners lovingly maintain the character and charm
Excerpts from a letter to the homeowners (dated 8/5/1978).
“It may be of some interest to you to know some of the history (albeit recent) of the Lockhouse. My father was an official of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company, the builders and operators of the Canal, and at the time of the transfer of the Canal (late 1920’s) to the Commonwealth, he was able to purchase one of the lockhouses. The one chosen was to be a weekend retreat as well as a vacation site, and it seemed that (this one) was the best of the lot as well as the most scenic.
When we took it over it was, to put it mildly, a pigsty. The house itself was filthy and the entire property looked as though it had not been cleaned since the Canal was originally built. The small building in the back, toward the River Road, was located on the cement pad next to your house and we had it moved to its present location and installed some sanitary facilities, inasmuch as the purchase price included a half-moon backhouse, which did not appeal to us.
Needless to say, for quite a few years, our weekends and
vacations were spent in trying to humanize the house and grounds. However, there was compensation: Quite a few parties were held which the family and friends enjoyed. I remember having my high school pals, as well as gals, for weekend shindigs. (In the 30’s, believe me, they were properly chaperoned.)
In the northeast corner above the lock, we had installed a dock at which we kept two canoes and a rowboat because at the time the aqueduct over the Tohickon had not been demolished and we were able to canal for miles north on the Canal.
The original cost to my father for the property, as I remember, was $500.00. Due to World War II, the gasoline shortages, and the fact that sons were called into the service, as well as the death of my father in 1937, the property was sold in 1943.”
*Source: A complete list of the original tenders can be found in the Delaware Canal
Our volunteers, many of whom are members, are the backbone of our organization. Without them, the Delaware Canal State Park would be a very different place.
Our Canal Tenders act as the eyes and ears of the towpath, all 58.9 miles. They provide valuable input on the conditions along the canal while picking up litter along the way.
To recognize the dedication of these volunteers, we will spotlight a few throughout the coming year.
Mark Greaney
Mark has been a Canal Tender since 2018 and is responsible for the section of the Canal towpath between the Narrow’s Restaurant and Mueller’s Store, approximately a five-mile stretch. Lately, his reports have been very encouraging. Little trash, small debris. All good news. Mark is a runner who can cover this distance pretty quickly. He sends regular updates on the condition of the towpath and the surrounding area.
As an employee of ExxonMobil, Mark has enrolled the Friends in the ExxonMobil Foundation’s Volunteer Involvement Grant program. His dedication pays off. Mark
forwards his canal tender hours to the program, and we receive a donation based on his hours of volunteer service.
Jane Richter We are lucky to have many committed Canal Tenders who send photos and often take matters into their own hands. In the southern section of the Canal, one of these
dedicated volunteers is Jane Richter.
Jane tends the area between Bridge Street to E. Maple Avenue in Morrisville. She provides useful information on the condition of the Canal and towpath, which we share with the Park Staff.
Recently, Jane spotted some new graffiti on a bench and fencing along the Canal. She picked up some paint from a member of our CAT team in the area and resolved the issue quickly. The paint was a perfect match, and once Jane painted over the graffiti, the bench and fence looked as good as new. This attention to detail helps keep the park looking its best for residents and visitors alike.
Want to be a Canal Tender?
If you are interested in joining this special group of dedicated volunteers, we do have a few openings available in the southern section of the Canal. Specifically, these areas in Bristol are still in need of a watchful eye.
• Beaver Street to Bristol Lagoon
• Bristol Lagoon to Green Lane
• Green Lane to Edgely Avenue
The Delaware Canal State Park isn’t just another pretty place; it has economic value.
This year, on July 4th weekend, several favorite spots along the canal exceeded capacity. The gates at the Virginia Forrest Recreation Area had to be closed due to overcrowding. Since the pandemic, the number of visitors has continued to grow along with their impact on the local economy.
Here are some enlightening statistics
• Pennsylvania is one of the top states for spending on outdoor recreation, generating over $29 billion annually.
• This industry supports over 250,000 jobs, equating to $8.6 billion in wages and salaries.
• And the industry generates nearly $2 billion in tax revenue.
• The combined acreage of Pennsylvania parks and forests is twice the size of the State of Delaware.
• The Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR) manages 5,000 buildings, 141 dams, and 171 water treatment facilities.
• An extensive and aging infrastructure will require additional investment.
The current administration is aware of the economic impact of our parks. “The 2023- 24 bipartisan budget invests $112 million to improve state parks and forests and spur economic growth in the outdoor recreation industry.”
Investing in the industries that provide the best return on our tax dollars makes economic sense, and our park system fits the bill. The outdoor diversity available in our state parks makes Pennsylvania unique. It is a valuable resource and one worth the investment.
We can all do our part to protect and promote our park system by supporting legislation and funding that maintain this regional and national treasure.
You may have noticed that many places along the canal that usually have flowing water are lower than before. This condition will persist for several months in some areas and longer in others.
A series of storms over the past three years has caused infrastructure failures along the 58.9-mile length of the canal. Some fixes are more complicated than others. Some will be resolved before the spring. However, the impact on water levels in the canal is the same. When construction is underway on the canal, the water level must be drawn down.
That’s the bad news: a dry canal and many trail closures.
Now for the good news. The state has appropriated and approved funding of over $104 million for park infrastructure improvements, including much-needed repairs in the Delaware Canal.
Approximately 40 + projects in the pipeline will restore and improve the canal for years to come.
A case in point is the High Falls Creek culvert. This culvert has been replaced several times. The size of the pipe could not adequately handle the volume of water that occurs in major storms.
The long-term fix will be a new, improved design in keeping with the historic nature of the original structure. This larger culvert will handle a significant surge in the volume of water.
Bridges are getting much needed repairs
Approximately 80 bridges span the canal. Many need repair. A comprehensive project called the “12 Bridge Project” will address this issue in the coming year. You will see more towpath closures
as the construction teams begin to take core samples and ready the sites for repair. Other infrastructure improvements that are in some stage of design work or are out to bid include Rodge’s Run Sub-canal Culvert in Riegelsville, Spahr’s Bridge in Upper Black Eddy, Lumbervillle Aqueduct, Bowman’s Hill Waste Gate in Washington Crossing and the Yardley Aqueduct. In addition, towpath
resurfacing is taking place in Easton as Penn-Dot completes wall repairs further south.
So, DCNR has a busy few years ahead on the canal. The park is trying to schedule the work as best it can to avoid extended towpath closures. All agree that no one wants to see the process of watering and de-watering. The plan is to coordinate projects to minimize the impact on wildlife and the environment. While this work is underway, we will post any closures or alerts on our Facebook page and website. And we will provide as much insight as possible into the timing and completion of these projects.
The holiday season is right around the corner and we wanted to help make your gift giving pain free. So, why not shop our line of exclusive merchandise. Throw in a membership, and we will pack it all up and send a personalized holiday card with a message of your choice.
Our carefully curated selection of tastefully branded items is ready-to-order and we have gifts to fit every budget.
Simply give us a call to place your order or stop by our Pop-Up Holiday Store in New Hope to find the perfect gift. Prices range from $5.00 to $25.00.
• Car Magnets: $5.00
• FODC 40th Anniversary Pins: $5.00
• Large Tote Bags: $10.
• Dennis Gerhart Illustrated Notecards (Six different designs): $15.00
• Baseball Hat (Embroidered): $25.00
• Gray T-Shirt imprinted on front and back (specify size Adult XL, L, M, and S): $25.00
• FODC Gift Membership—A great gift you can order online!: $50.00–$500.00
NEW THIS YEAR – Minnie Mule The cutest, most adorable plush mule sporting FODC Bandana: $15.00
Give us a call at 215-862-2021 or email us at friends@fodc.org and get your holiday shopping done today!
Volunteers of the Friends fill various roles. Many of our members and volunteers sign up yearly for the Annual Canal Clean-up in April. Still others are regulars. They are Canal
Tenders who “adopt” a section of the towpath and keep an eye on conditions, picking up any debris or trash along the way.
Still others join our CAT Team. CAT stands for Canal Action Team. These heavy-hitting men and women take on some larger projects, like bridge painting, 9/11 memorial bench repair and
replacement, and sign installation.
This year, our CAT Team members have taken on the task of removing cattails from the prism of the canal. While cattails are native plants, they can be very aggressive, choking out other
plant life while soaking up water. Removing vegetation from the canal is a water sport. Our CAT members wade into the canal and pull out the cattails, roots and all. Once the first clump is removed, they become easier to conquer. Getting muddy is inevitable, and sore muscles are sure to follow.
Recently, the team tackled two outcroppings: one near the Locktender’s House at Lock 11 (below right). and another near the Malcolm Crooks Bridge in Solebury (bottom). Once the “waders”
conquered a clump of cattails, they handed the plants to other land-based volunteers who stacked the debris for removal by the park staff.
It is honest work that pays nothing, yet this arduous task rewards volunteers with the knowledge that their efforts have improved the canal.
In the next few weeks you will receive our annual fundraising appeal. While we have accomplished much this year, we still have more work to do. If you can, please consider a donation to help us continue our efforts to preserve, restore and protect the Delaware Canal.
**TOWPATH CLOSURE** Bridge 4 [Smithtown Bridge 4] Tinicum Township (MP 35.5)– Towpath will be*closed*to all pedestrian traffic at Bridge 4 Ln. Starting October 25th until further notice due to construction. The purpose of this closure is for PUBLIC SAFETY. Trail users should turn around at the closure and NOT attempt to get by it.
**Bridge Closure** Canal Road North bridge, WilliamsTownship (MP 53.7) – will be closed to all traffic starting October 20th until further notice due to construction. The purpose of this closure is for PUBLIC*SAFETY* due to construction related activity.
**TOWPATH CLOSURE** Bridge 3 [Smithtown Bridge 3] Tinicum Township (MP 35) – Towpath will be *closed* to all pedestrian traffic at Bridge 3 Ln. starting October 23rduntil further notice due to construction. The purpose of this closure is for PUBLIC SAFETY. Trail users should turn around at the closure and NOT attempt to get by it.
Bucks County is rich in history, and we can trace much of that history and growth to the impact of the Delaware River and Canal. River towns became hubs of industry, and when the Canal opened for operation, it spurred additional investment. Mills, lime kilns, farms, and other businesses flourished. When the Delaware Canal opened in 1832, it changed the river valley and the towns along the way. With improved transportation, commerce grew, and many people prospered.
As business people, travelers, and canallers flocked to the area, hotels and inns began to flourish. Many of the inns along the Delaware Canal were built around the same time. Others pre-date the Canal but certainly benefited from its operation. Trains and highways eventually replaced the Canal, however, many of the historic inns have remained, most for public use, while some are private homes. The number of Inns along the Delaware Canal makes this 58.9-mile waterway unique.
Starting in the north, we will take a walk back in time to revisit some of the inns and provisioners that have been around for centuries.
Riegelsville Inn
This Inn was built in 1838 by Benjamin Riegel, a wealthy miller who owned property on either side of the Delaware River. His New Jersey operations included a grist mill and an oil mill. John Riegel, the grandson of Benjamin, continued the industrial legacy of the family by adding a paper mill which became known as the Riegel Paper Company, one of the largest employers in the area until the 1990’s.
Riegelsville Inn is situated between the river and the Canal, next to the historic Roebling Bridge. It is listed on the Bucks County Register of Historic Places.
The original building is stucco over stone with porches facing the river and patio space on the Canal. At one point, the property also boasted a large barn with enough room for 50 horses (or mules).
Over the decades, the Inn has changed hands; however, it has remained in continuous operation for most of the past 160+ years. Today, the Inn offers fine dining throughout the week, with a brunch menu also available on the weekends.
The Narrows Inn (formerly the Indian Rock Inn)
The Lenape Indian Tribe originally inhabited the site of the current Inn and restaurant. They used a deep natural pool in the rocks at the base of the Nockamixon Cliffs as a holding tank for fish they had caught in the Delaware River. When the current building was erected in 1820, owner Jacob Krouse used the rock walls of the tank as his new tavern’s foundation. The tavern license for the site dates back to 1812 when the pilots of lumber rafts were served a blicky (quart) of beer for a nickel.
In 1837, new owner John Derr enlarged the business to accommodate weary travelers, and the Rising Sun Hotel came to be. It was known by that name until 1854, except for a short period in 1851 when owner Frederick Trauger thought it might do better as the Farmers and Traveler’s Inn. Apparently it didn’t, since the name and Trauger lasted less than a year. In 1854, owner Mathias Lehman changed it to the Narrowsville Hotel.
The Inn changed hands several times and was most recently called the Indian Rock Inn. This name derives from a nearby rock formation whose profile is said to resemble the face of an
Indian. The mural of an Indian life scene, painted in 1988 by Irish artist Eric Patton, decorated the north side of the building until the most recent renovation.
To the north of the Inn were mule stables, with a barn and blacksmith shop to the south.
Today, the Narrows Inn serves great food in alovely historic setting.
The Homestead General Store
Another popular spot along the Canal is the Homestead General Store. This business has served the local community since the early 1800’s and is the oldest continuously operating general store in Bucks County providing provisions as well as a place to trade some canal gossip.
Originally built in 1831 by Hugh Major, the store arrived just in time to serve the newly opened canal and boatmen. Customers could stock up on provisions as well as local gossip. Today, the charm of the Homestead has been enhanced by the addition of a coffee roasting business. Their certified organic coffee is served and sold throughout Bucks and Hunterdon counties.
While the Homestead has seen several owners over the decades, Rick and Iris Lewis have been the proprietors since 1980. They have witnessed floods, bridge closures, and other calamities but have endured throughout it all. The Homestead has earned a reputation for its food and family-friendly atmosphere. It is a great place to stop along your towpath stroll.
Uhlerstown Hotel and Hamlet (formerly Uhlertown)
Now a private residence, the Uhlerstown Hotel was once a favorite resting spot for weary travelers. Built around 1840, the hotel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. Today, the entire hamlet is listed as a historic district.
The natural charm of the hotel is enhanced by its location in this well-preserved little hamlet. Uhlerstown is one of the true historic gems along the towpath. This village was once a prosperous
settlement, built mainly around the Canal and its operations. Michael Uhler, a man of remarkable energy and business ability, recognized the opportunity that the Canal offered and moved downriver from the Groundhog Lock area between Riegelsville and Raubsville, where he and his brother Peter had been doing business.
Uhler developed the town that would be named after him. He is best known for operating a boat building yard and running a line of wellequipped canal boats called the Michael Uhler line. He owned extensive farmland from which grain and hay were supplied to the canal trade and metropolitan markets. He built and operated a gristmill and lime kilns, a country store and post office, a saddler shop, and coal yards. The hamlet is also home to the only covered bridge that spans the Canal.
Today, the historic district encompasses 63 contributing structures located along the Delaware Canal. Buildings of note include a brick building that once housed a school. The building to the right of the bridge entrance was the residence of Jonas Sigafoos who operated a general store. To the left of the bridge entrance, the present home was originally a warehouse for the gristmill located on the opposite bank of the Canal. Other historic buildings include the Uhlerstown Hall, a community gathering place for dances and entertainment, the Locktender’s House, and the remnants of lime kilns.
Golden Pheasant Inn
Originally called the Delaware House, the Golden Pheasant Inn was built in 1857 to cater to the canal trade. The Inn offered housing for men and mules along with provisions. When the Canal closed in 1931, the Inn suffered hard times until 1967, when it was purchased by Ralph Schneider, who named it the Golden Pheasant Inn.
The Inn is situated on the eastern boundary of Tinicum township in a section of Bucks County which was called Manor of Highlands. In 1699, the 7,500 acres were purchased from William Penn
by the London Company.
In 1986, the Faure family purchased the property. Michel Faure was the chef, and his wife Barbara was the hostess and decorator. Barbara refurbished the rooms to the Inn’s original 1850s period
style. Within three months of opening, John Bull, a restaurant critic for the Philadelphia Inquirer, gave the new Inn a resounding “thumbs-up.”
The Faure’s daughters, Brittany, Blake, and Briar assumed the business and operated the Inn and restaurant for many years before selling it to the Thompson Hospitality organization.
Point Pleasant Inn (F.P. Kolbe’s)
At one time, Point Pleasant was a bustling commercial center largely catering to the canal and carriage trade and then to vacationers who discovered the charms of this river valley town.
The Point Pleasant Inn (above, right), as it was initially known, was built in 1782. This grand hotel hosted Grover Cleveland, William McKinley, and other fishing enthusiasts. Prominent Astor, Whitney, and Vanderbilt family members were also guests. The elegant colonnaded façade faces out over what was once a lovely view of the Tohickon Creek.
Today, the building is home to F.P. Kolbe Gift Store & Café. It is a favorite shopping spot for seasonal decorative items, candles, garden fountains, and hand-crafted furniture.
Cuttalossa Inn (No longer in operation, but for sale)
Standing by the picturesque waterfall above the Cuttalossa Inn, it is hard to imagine that this was once the bustling center of the village of Lumberton. Approximately 200 people lived here, including Zebulon Pike (of Pike’s Peak fame) operating the quarries and several mills.
The Cuttalossa Inn was a general store and post office; the stone building across from it was “Hard Times Tavern” as the proprietor made barely enough to pay the rent.
The quarries above and below Cuttalossa Road produced stone used in mansions in Philadelphia and New York City. Canal barges transported it to Philadelphia and by railroad (Jersey side) to New York City. A cable car from the towpath across the river delivered the stone to the railroad.
A sawmill was located above the falls, powered by a 20-foot diameter water wheel; the mill race can be discerned on the left as one moves up Cuttalossa Road. Immediately below the falls, at the parking area level, was a decking from one bank to the other, called a forebay—a place to stack the milled lumber in an otherwise tight valley. This picturesque spot has been a favorite subject of painters and poets alike.
More Inns to Come
There are other notable historic inns, including the Black Bass Inn located in Lumberville. The Black Bass was built in 1740-1745, was partially destroyed by fire. There was substantial rebuilding in 1834. The original owner of the establishment was a Tory who favored the British, so George Washington did not sleep here. However, today all are welcome to eat or stay here.
The Washington Crossing Inn was built in 1817 and it features an original large kitchen hearth in one of its dining rooms. The Yardley Inn, once called the White Swan Inn was built in 1832.
And in Bristol, you will find one of George and Martha’s favorite spots, The King George II Inn (right). This Inn has a rich history, and is the oldest, if not one of the oldest, operating inns in the
country. Established in 1681, the property is lovingly maintained by the current owners who are committed to providing great food and service in a truly unique setting.
One last Inn we feel we should mention, was located in the village of Raubsville, north of Riegelsville and close to the Forks of the Delaware River. The building still stands today, but remains empty.
Take A Walk Back Inn Time
No matter where you start your hiking or biking excursion along the towpath, you are sure to pass one of these historic inns and businesses. We encourage you to take advantage of the views,
the food and the hospitality each has to offer.
Never Forgotten – 911 Memorial Benches, A Lasting Tribute
William Steiner Bench pre-restoration
After the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, when so many people lost their lives, including some of our Bucks County neighbors, the Friends committed to remembering these victims with a fitting tribute, not just a plaque or a marker, but something that could enhance the towpath while honoring the victims.
The vision—place seventeen plantation teak benches along the length of the Canal towpath.
Each bench has a bronze plaque showing the name of one of the victims who called Bucks County home. The benches would commemorate their lives and provide spots for Park visitors to rest, reflect, and enjoy the wonders of nature. They would be reminders of the importance of memories and hope.
The Delaware Canal State Park is a place full of memories and hope —memories of America’s past and hope for the future of a scenic waterway that thousands of people enjoy. Its beauty, historical significance, and enduring nature make the Delaware Canal a fitting site for a special memorial.
We promised never to forget these lives. So, in 2004, the Friends implemented their vision and purchased and installed 17 teak benches, each with a memorial plaque honoring a fallen neighbor. We chose high-profile locations along the towpath that are easily accessed by the public.
William Steiner Bench restored
But installing these benches was only the first step in our commitment. Wood, even teak, needs to be maintained and preserved. And some benches must also be replaced when lost to flood, decay, or vandalism.The Friends recently updated the 911 bench policy to help guarantee these tributes in perpetuity. At least once a year, all of the benches will be inspected by volunteers or board members to assess the condition and placement of each bench.
This assessment will be used to determine if the existing benches are in need of repair or replacement. The Friends will pay for these costs which may require occasional fund-raising support.
Several Board members and Canal Action Team volunteers have already been busy with upkeep and maintenance this year. Lichen seems particularly fond of these teak benches; it takes some elbow grease to clean and restore them.
Several benches were beyond repair. Unfortunately, there are few sources for the bench style we use, so replacing them has been slow. Top it off with COVID-related material delays, which created a backlog of orders. Thankfully, the manufacturer caught up on production, and three new benches will be installed this fall.
The Friends and our members understand the importance of community and honoring the legacy and lives of our those lost. We want to thank the dedicated people who created a lasting tribute to the 911 victims with their donations and hard work.
Left to right: Brian Heath, DCSP Manager; Doug Dolan, DC21; Brett Webber, FODC Board President; Steve Santarsiero, PA State Senator; PA State Representatives Shelby Labs and Perry Warren.
The Delaware Canal State Park Legislative Caucus was relaunched this spring to present a united voice in the General Assembly about the importance of preserving and improving the
Canal and towpath. This caucus will advocate for the Canal, focusing on needed repairs and improvements. The group will also work to identify the necessary federal, state, and local resources.
The ultimate goal is to restore the Canal so that it is structurally sound and fully watered.
The caucus members include co-chairs State Senator Steve Santarsiero and State Representative Robert Freeman. The caucus also includes Senators Lisa Boscola and Jarret Coleman and State
Representatives Tim Brennan, Perry Warren, Craig Staats, Shelby Labs, Tina Davis, and John Galloway. The initial meeting also included The Friends of the Delaware Canal Board President Brett Webber and Executive Director Michael Ginder. They stressed the need for a solid commitment to preserve the Canal and discussed the improvements the Friends 2032 Plan recommends.
The Friends of the Delaware Canal headquarters is the Locktender’sHouse at Lock 11 in New Hope. As part of our lease agreement, the Friends not only paid to renovate the building before we took occupancy, but we also pay to maintain the exterior.
The original building, which dates back to the early 1830s, is a stucco on stone structure. The Friends use “true to the period” paint colors to maintain the stucco and the wood trim. In May, the Friends hired Martin Lalor Painting to put a fresh coat on the building exterior, including the front porch floor and ceiling.
Various board members and other Friends provided sweat equity to repair and repaint other structures on the property, including the garden fence (above), which received a brand-new
gate and posts courtesy of our talented Friend, Jay Freeo.
Once the repairs were made, our board members Pete Rosswaag and Gordon Heisler jumped in to prep and paint the fence. And, there is a lot of fence to prep. The scraping, sanding, and
washing took many hours over a few weeks to complete the task. The unrelenting heat did not help.
Jay Freeo also repaired the “dog house” structures. The “dog houses” protect the miter gate opening mechanisms on either side of the lock. The miter gates are at the southern end of the lock and were built to swing in or out as needed to fill and empty the lock as a canal boat passed through.
We want to thank all of the Friends members who helped not only at the Locktender’s House this year but who also assisted with painting and repairing bridges, fences, signs, and benches along the way.
Are you interested in helping to create a maintain an 1840’s era kitchen garden using plants appropriate to the time? We would love to hear from you. Just give us a call or email us today.
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2032 Plan Update
With over 1,500 responses to our 2032 survey, we have entered the next phase of planning.
Using the input from the survey and community meetings, we are working with Studio Bryan Hayes to put together preliminary plans and drawings for priority projects.
In tandem with this work, we are also investigating funding sources for these projects. Our goal is to introduce the final 2032 plan to our members by the end of the year.
Thanks to all who participated and provided valuable feedback.
Bridge Street construction in Morrisville to improve towpath access
When we hear about a project to enhance the experience of towpath users, we are all in. The Friends have long advocated for, and sometimes financed, essential modifications and improvements that provide better pedestrian access to the towpath.
This new construction project in Morrisville will create an improved crosswalk and ramp to ease access from one side of Bridge Street to the other.
For years, towpath users could only get around the bridge by traveling down Bridge Street before crossing the road to re-enter the towpath. This new access will allow a fairly seamless entry point as users can use a towpath ramp to access the other side of Bridge Street.
Construction is expected to be completed by late November. Motorists are advised to allow extra travel time through the work area as backup and delays are anticipated.
As a reminder, you can check on road conditions in the area by accessing the 511 PennDOT website at www.511PA.com.
We are excited for the Borough of Morrisville. This new ramp and crosswalk will improve safety and travel on the towpath.
‘Tis the season to renew your annual Friends of the Delaware Canal membership. Most of our members should have received our letter in June. If you have already responded, we thank you!
If you still need to renew, there is still time. You can renew your membership on our website, fodc.org, or by calling the Friends at 215-860-2120.
We accept credit and debit cards, although we prefer checks. That way, we avoid those nasty fees charged by the processing companies.
As always, we appreciate the support of our members who share a vision of preserving the towpath and canal for generations to come.
Few people who lived and worked along the Canal could imagine building a life without the mule. Mules, it is said, were the engines of the Canal. Or put another way, the workhorses
moving coal from Mauch Chunk (present-day Jim Thorpe) to Bristol.
Mules—The Heart of the Canal
Favored by the founding fathers of our country, the mules established a stellar reputation when they came to the new world. Spanish missions used mules in their western North American missions in the early 1700s. George Washington, an avid farmer, became interested in utilizing mules and imported two male donkeys from Spain to begin a breeding program.
When the King of Spain and Marquis de Lafayette, both close friends of Washington heard of the new president’s breeding efforts, they also sent male donkeys to increase the stock. These donkeys from Spain and Andalusia were prized for their size and were called mammoth donkeys.
A mule is the asexual bi-product of breeding a female horse or mare with a male donkey or jack. Washington already owned mares to breed with these donkeys and eventually had more mules than horses on his estate.
The interest in mules spread throughout the South as Washington promoted using these animals in agriculture, even campaigning one of his donkeys to breed with mares. Thomas Jefferson also became a convert and soon had a breeding program and his own mules on the grounds of Monticello.
Man and Mule
Mules were put to work across America. They were used in agriculture, construction, mining, Continued on following page and transportation. These hardy equines pulled wagons, carriages, and canal boats.
So, when commerce on the Delaware Canal began, mules were the logical choice. From the perspective of the canal boat operator, mules had several distinct advantages. They had a sturdy constitution and were not prone to health problems. They could work long hours, perhaps slower than a horse, but they would keep going. The structure of the mule’s hoof increases its stability, and mules have fewer foot-related problems than horses. And mules seem to be calmer, exhibiting more common sense than a horse. According to author Rinker Buck, who wrote a book about his experience retracing the Oregon Trail in a covered wagon pulled by three mules, “Mules have a larger cranial capacity and thus larger brains than horses—a gift from their feral, burro side—and they ponder things a lot more.”
Buck also admired the strong constitution of the mule. “Draft horses are too highly bred and, at almost a ton apiece, too heavy for long wagon journeys. They have stamina for only about 10 to 15 miles a day, have tremendous appetites, and cannot last very long without water or in the extreme heat of the deserts. Draft mules, however, weigh about 700 pounds less, can go long distances without water and barely perspire in the heat.”2
For the Canal Boatmen, mules were a perfect fit. They were calm, smart, and could work long hours without needing a rest. The tough
skin of this equine helped protect them from harness sores even after an 18-hour day.
Outfitting a Canal Mule
Canal boatmen purchased most of their mules from the company operating the Canal. For the Delaware Canal, that company was the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company. Boatmen would also buy the harness and other supplies from Lehigh Coal. The company would then deduct these expenses from the captain’s pay.
The Delaware Canal Journal describes the sale of young mules that the company would import from Kentucky and Missouri. According to one boatman, Grant Emery, “The Kentucky
mules were better, or fancier looking, but they didn’t hold up as well. I know my people were always Missouri mule men.”1
Once the young mule was purchased and fitted for a harness, they were shod and tattooed with a number on the sole of a front foot. That number was used not only to identify the owner of the mule but to ensure the company could track and charge the boatman for the cost of the animal and equipment.
Getting to Work
Illustration by Dennis Gerhart
The canal boat crew could vary, but at the very least, it included a captain, a tiller, and mule driver. Very often, the family of the Canal boat operator was on board to help with the daily routine. Often small children were called into service as mule drivers. One woman told of her experience as a mule driver on her father’s boat. Madeline Free Rilleria said, “I loved the animals,
and they loved me, and they used to cry for me and whinny every once in a while, when they knew I was getting tired and then I would crawl up on their backs and make a bed on there.”1
A day on the Canal started at 3:30 a.m. with grooming the mules and getting them ready for the day’s journey. Some boatmen liked to feed their animals a ration of food before starting the day; others liked to get the mules moving before feeding them on the towpath with a feedbag. After harnessing the mule team was done, the captain would toss the towline to a helper on the towpath, who would attach it to the mule team.
Once they started, the crew would take turns at the tiller while someone cooked breakfast. Often, boat captains, who were confident in their mule teams, could leave them unattended to continue their towpath journey while the mule drivers took a break. Some captains were not lucky, and their animals would nibble greenery along the way. This annoying habit was called bushwhacking, a term generally used for clearing a path; its use seems appropriate here.
At the end of the day, around 10:00 pm, the captain would stop at a stable. Stables were located near locks and at other points along the canal. Some canal towns, like Uhlerstown not only offered a stable but blacksmith and boat repair services along with food and other supplies.
Once the harnesses were removed, most mules liked to have a good roll (a characteristic they are well known for), scratching and stretching before their evening repast and rest.
Caring for the mules
The value and importance of this equine cannot be understated. Mules played an essential role in the boatman’s success, and canallers ensured their animals were well cared for, including
regular feeding as they walked the towpath, watering, grooming, and farrier care.
And to keep everyone honest, an SPCA inspector would travel the length of the Canal inspecting the condition of the mules. One boatman recalls, “You didn’t dare to be mean to your animals on the Delaware. They had a woman down there, she’d make you stop the mules and lift the collar; and, if there was a sore on his shoulder, you had to take that mule out, you couldn’t use him. She was all through the Delaware. You never know when you’d run into her.”1
A Most Noble Creature
Historically, mules have worked tirelessly for us. They ask little. They are easy keepers and very loyal to their owners. Once they bond with you, you have a friend for life. Mules are also
quick learners, so working with a mule requires consistency. When they know what is expected, they will provide hours of service.
Studies show mules are generally more intelligent than horses or donkeys. This intelligence means they will not do anything to harm themselves and they can be protective of their
owners. When handled and trained properly, they are gentle, loving members of a family.
Author Rinker Buck states, “A horse will pretty much respond like a dog to a master’s request; their first instinct is to obey. A mule says, at a difficult stream crossing or a narrow gate opening, “Now wait a minute here, let’s consider the safety of this.” That, too, comes from the burro side. Mules have a very strong feral instinct to protect themselves.” 2
So, mules may not dive off a steel pier with you, but they will be glad to stand by and cheer you on.
Flowers are Everywhere–on the Ground and in the Air
The Delaware Canal towpath spans 58.9 miles, and in that distance, you can spot many flowering plants along the way. Some are relatively obvious, and others require a keen eye. Here are a
few to look for.
< Dame’s Rocket is a flowering biennial member of the mustard family. This plant has some historical significance as it was recorded as one of the first wildflowers imported to the colonies from Europe. Also known as Sweet Rocket, its fragrance is most pronounced in the evening sometimes confused with Phlox, the flower of Dame’s Rocket has four petals, versus Phlox, which has five. The flowers come in an assortment of spring colors, including white, pink, and purple. It prefers to grow in sunny, moist locations and can be found on the margins of marshes and woodlands. It is considered an invasive species in Pennsylvania.
< Dutchman’s Breeches is a perennial herbaceous plant native to eastern North America. This diminutive woodland plant has white flowers that resemble pants hanging from a clothesline. According to the Bowman’s Flower Preserve Native Plant Guide, the flower is an early nectar source for emerging queen bees. As a member of the Dicentra family (bleeding heart), it is also called Little Blue Staggers because it appears to have a narcotic effect on cows causing them to seem drunk.
< Jack-in-the-Pulpit is an herbaceous, woodland, flowering perennial. This unusual, illusive plant generally flowers from April to June in Pennsylvania. And while they are not easy to spot, they are well worth the effort. These plants typically grow about 1 foot tall and have an interesting construction. The “pulpit” of the flower is called a spathe, a long leaf covering a cluster of flowers. The “jack” is a long stalk with flowers that can be male or female. However, this plant is not self-pollinating. It relies on small flies to help in that regard. The pungent odor of the plant tends to attract flies and other small insects. Jack-in-the-pulpit is often confused with the carnivorous pitcher plant. At the end of the summer, while the remaining plant withers. The female flowers turn into small red berries, which are a food source for birds. One source noted that native Americans used the red coloring as a dye.
< Mayapples bloom in late spring after many ephemerals have faded. They grow in colonies in forested areas creating a canopy of umbrella-like plants. The plants bear one white flower, which matures into a yellow fruit and can be used to make jam. Harry Potter fans will be pleased to know that this herbaceous perennial is also known as mandrake.
< Swamp Rose-mallow is a showy hibiscus and one of the largest perennials in our area. It can be spotted in wet and boggy areas next to the towpath and along the Canal banks in some areas and has established some large colonies. This is a winter-hardy plant with a decidedly tropical flair. The flower color ranges from white to pink to red with a crimson center and yellow stamen. These plants are host to several butterfly larvae and are a food source for hummingbirds as well.
< Wild Ginger is a plant with a lot to offer. It grows in most forested areas and has some interesting adaptations. The flower has three triangular petals, which are hidden beneath heart-shaped leaves. Like the jack-in-the-pulpit, this plant relies on flying insects for pollination. As flies emerge in the spring, they are attracted to the flower, which looks and smells like carrion. The seeds are covered in an oily substance favored by ants who carry the seed back to their colony, eat the oily covering, and plant the seed. Native Americans and early settlers used the dried root of wild ginger as a spice. These plants also contain two antibiotic compounds and were used to make a poultice to treat wounds.
DON’T FORGET TO LOOK UP!
We have many flowering trees in the Delaware Canal state park as well. These include dogwoods, catalpa trees, magnolias, and Tuliptrees or Tulip Poplars. This poplar is fast growing and
can get very large. The trees provide a source of nutrition for many species. The large yellow flowers appear in early summer and are a source of nectar for ruby-throated hummingbirds.
Dogwoods can be seen throughout the park in early spring. They are understory trees, showing off a display of white blooms against the bright green of budding trees. The berries of the dogwood
are a favorite snack of birds and squirrels.
Northern Catalpas are fast-growing showy trees with large heart-shaped tropical-looking leaves. Due in part to its size and its abundant display of flowers, this shade tree has become a popular addition to suburban landscapes. The USDA, however, considers it an invasive weed tree, so if you like the almost wisteria-like blossoms
and the shade, a regular pruning is recommended.
Do you have a favorite flowering plant in the park?
Let us know, and please send pictures. We love pictures.
SOURCES:
USDA: fs.usda.gov/wildflowers
Bowman’s Wildflower preserve: bhwp.org/grow/native-plant-nursery/native-plant-catalog
High Park Nature Centre: highparknaturecentre.com
PA Enflowered: paenflowered.org
Morton Arboretum: mortonarb.org
PHOTO CREDITS:
Jack in the Pulpit by CCCP: Own work, CC BY-SA 2.5 ca, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=58750771
Wild Ginger courtesy of Fritz Flohr Reynolds, Wikipedia
PARK MANAGER’S REPORT
By Brian Heath Park Manager, Delaware Canal State Park
We want to thank the Friends and all the volunteers who participated in the Annual Canal Clean-up event. Volunteers who are willing to sacrifice their time to help keep the park beautiful are invaluable.
STAFFING
A joint on-site hiring event with Tyler State Park was held at the Buckstone Farm Conference Center to fill vacant positions, including a laborer and a park resource ranger. The event attracted 17 candidates, with 14 interviewed. Interviews are underway for the remaining online applicants. Other vacancies continued to be posted for various positions. Interested applicants should visit employment.pa.gov or contact the park.
PROJECT UPDATES
Three project bids have been approved and will be awarded to a selected contractor. Once the contracts are finalized, scheduling, logistics, and closure information will be provided. The projects include:
● Flood damage repairs to a section of the berm and towpath in Easton(MP 59-53).
● Phase One of the 12 Bridge Project will target repairs for Smithtown Bridges 3 and 4 and the Sub-canal Culvert in Raubsville.
● Phase Two of the 12 Bridge Project will target repairs for two bridges in Upper Makefield, including Tebola Beans Bridge and the David Library Bridge. In the north, the bridges include the Canal
Road, North Bridge in Williams Township, and the Canal Lane Bridge in Bridgeton Township.
High Falls Culvert replacement: A Hydrologic and Hydraulic Study that analyzes the movement of
water, including the volume and rate of flow, is nearing completion. A conceptual design is in review.
Spahr’s Authentic Camelback Truss Bridge: A conceptual design was presented to the Advisory Committee.
Lumberville Aqueduct project: This rebuilding project is in the design phase, which is scheduled for completion before the end of the year.
NEW INITIATIVES Giving Pond Naturalization Project: We are currently working on re-establishing the fields at the giving
pond. The open field near river road was once a wildflower field. It has been prepped and reseeded with a Pennsylvania native annual/ perennial mix of wildflower seeds. The fields by the towpath will require ongoing attention as grasses start to emerge and the autumn olive infestation is removed. We are working with Natural Resources staff as we re-establish the field moving forward. An improved access project is also underway to connect the towpath with giving Pond Parking area. Ralph Stover Tree Planting:
Thirteen sapling trees have been planted at Ralph Stover to replace fallen Ash trees. The trees will take time to mature, but they will help restore the canopy over the picnic area. A memorial donation funded the purchase of these trees, including some flowering understory trees such as dogwoods, redbuds, and shade trees, including American Red Maple, American Beech, Black Gum, and Willow Oak. The park staff will continue to plant trees, as possible, to restore the rustic wooded nature of the park.
WATER
The Centre Bridge Pump is now online, providing water for the 3-mile stretch between Centre Bridge and Lock 11. The Friends are working as intermediaries with residents, collecting money to fund the electricity needed to run the pump. New Hope, and areas north of Lock 11, usually are watered from the Delaware River inlet in Easton. However, damage sustained during Hurricane Ida in Upper Black Eddy and Lumberville has stopped the flow. DCNR is working diligently to repair these structural failures. The Delaware River inlet in New Hope feeds the Canal south of Lock 11. In advance of significant forecasted rain events, staff will lower the water in anticipation of higher volumes, but after the storm, we resume normal levels. As the dry summer months approach, if the Delaware River falls below 9 feet on the Trenton River gauge, the water stops flowing in from the inlet. If this continues for several days, areas south of New Hope will begin to dry up. The river level and the level of the canal during times of drought are beyond the control of the park.
MOWING AND TREE REMOVAL
Our staff in the northern section of the park is starting mowing operations. The purchase of additional equipment should speed up our process as long as the staff is available to run the tractors. Due to the difficulty of getting the parts needed for a clam jaw, we are getting a late start on removing fallen trees which may impact mowing in the early season. However, we are moving along and catching up.
Mowing operations in the south will commence soon, likely starting in Bristol toward the end of this month. This year, in certain areas, such as Buckstone Farm, we will cut the grass slightly higher than in previous years to see if it will help deter the geese. Geese like the young grass shoots that grow after a cutting. Allowing the grass to grow longer makes it less palatable for these birds.
The southern maintenance staff has been removing trees that have fallen into the canal and working on towpath repair. These are time consuming tasks requiring personnel and equipment. Some sections of the towpath are narrow, challenging our access with certain vehicles. In other cases, access alone to parts of the towpath that need attention is extremely difficult. We are working to ensure that the towpath is safe for towpath users as they make repairs to potholes and other muddy sections. We understand the frustrations with gravel size and
are working to improve the issue as time and manpower allow.
CLOSURES
Giving Pond River Access: The river access at the Giving Pond Recreation Area will be CLOSED. The purpose of this closure is for PUBLIC SAFETY and RESOURCE PROTECTION. The closure will be in effect until further notice. Park users should NOT attempt to get by the closure. Trespassing violations will be addressed accordingly.
IT’S A WRAP
Our annual Clean-up Day event got off to a rainy start, but we are pleased to announce that nearly all sections of the towpath were given a proper spring cleaning throughout the month
of April. Groups of volunteers, armed with rakes, grabbers, bags and gloves got to work. Many sections of the canal and towpath were very clean. Other areas needed a thorough scrubbing.
This year, we had several volunteers who bought along their canoes and kayaks to clean some hard-to-reach spots on the berm bank and of course, in the water.
We had over 100 people sign-up to help. And the teams gathered nearly 100 bags of trash along with a bicycle, a few shopping carts and, tires, lots of tires.
WE GREATLY
APPRECIATE EVERYONE’S
EFFORTS AND WANT TO
SEND A BIG SHOUT OUT
TO THE FRIENDS WHO
HELPED SCHEDULE,
COORDINATE AND
EQUIP OUR VOLUNTEER
CLEAN-UP TEAMS.
CANAL TENDERS. OUR PARK HEROES.
They bike, they jog They poke, they prod They search and grab Until they have A bag full of trash.
With our annual Canal Clean-up behind us, it is time to reflect on the year-round dedication of our Canal Tenders. After our annual spring-cleaning
event, many Clean-up Crews reported less trash and debris. We know our Canal Tenders are making an impact.
This year was the first year all, but three sections of the Canal had someone to look after it, cleaning up trash as they could and reporting problems they encountered. These dedicated volunteers regularly provide feedback on downed trees, sinkholes, tough towpath conditions, and sightings of large debris in the Canal. So, our Canal Tenders play an essential role in keeping the public safe.
We send this information to the Park Management team with location information so the park staff can follow up and resolve any hazardous issues.
The towpath is nearly 60 miles long, making it difficult to manage in the best circumstances. When you combine the park’s size with the effect of storms, trees, and people, DCNR has a lot
of ground to cover. The park staff is well aware of the positive impact the Canal Tenders have on the preservation and improvement of our beloved Delaware Canal State Park. They appreciate this team of people who regularly monitor the entire length of the Canal and towpath.
If you would like to become a Canal Tender, we have several openings in the southern area of the Canal. These sections include:
● Beaver Street to Bristol Lagoon – Bristol Borough
● Bristol Lagoon to Green Lane – Bristol Borough
● Green Lane to Edgely Avenue – Bristol Township
Our Canal Tenders are passionate about preserving and maintaining the Canal and towpath for future generations. We are so grateful for their commitment to the park and the community.
So, next time you are on the towpath, you can show your solidarity and pick up trash along the way. Together we can all make a difference.
Environmental Stewardship Award
The Friends of the Delaware Canal is proud to have received an award for Environmental Stewardship from the Lower Makefield Township Board of Supervisors.
Over the past 15 years, the board’s Environmental Advisory Council (EAC) has given this recognition to groups “who have made significant achievements in improving and sustaining
the quality of our environment.” The Friends’ commitment to restoring, preserving, and improving the Delaware Canal and Towpath resonated with the EAC. They look
for organizations that impact several areas, including pollution prevention, resource conservation, sustainability, environmental education, and environmental leadership.
In attendance to receive the award were FODC Board President Brett Webber, Secretary Jack Torres, Executive Director Michael Ginder, and retired FODC Executive Director Susan Taylor. “We are very honored to have received the 2022 Environmental Stewardship Award from the Lower Makefield Township Environmental Action Council and the Board of Supervisors.” said Michael Ginder, “The award recognizes our achievements over the last 40 years to help improve, restore, and promote the Delaware Canal and empower us to continue our work to protect this important natural resource.”
PENNSBURY PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM
L–R:, Thomas A. Smith, Ed.D, Pennsbury SD Superintendent; Michael Ginder, FODC Executive Director , FODC; Laure Duval, FODC Board Vice President.
Last year, the Pennsbury School District asked Michael Ginder, Executive Director of the Friends, to present a program on the Delaware Canal, including a towpath clean-up and scavenger hunt to a group of seventh-grade students. They had a chance to learn about the history of the canal and its impact on our area while making their own impact by picking up trash along the way.
As a result of our participation, Pennsbury selected the Friends as a recipient of the Annual Pennsbury Partnership Award. The Pennsbury Partners Program was launched 20 years ago and has grown to over 1,000 partners. Each year the Partners Program recognizes a Business Partner and a Non- Profit Partner for their contributions to the school district.
The official ceremony occurred on Wednesday, April 19, at the Middle School in Yardley. Michael Ginder accepted the award for the Friends. The corporate recipient this year was Yogamazia. Michelle El Khoury, the owner of Yogamazia, was on hand to receive this recognition.
Along with the Pennsbury Partners Award, the Friends received a Certificate of Recognition from State Representative Perry Warren, who also attended the ceremony, recognition from State Senator Steve Santarsiero’s office and Congressman Brian Fitzpatrick, who recognized the Friends with a special commendation and flag which flew over the Capital.
BIRDS OF A FEATHER
Photographic Inspiration Along the Canal
Since the development of photography, this technology has been used to record important events, inspiring vistas, family gatherings, and simple pleasures. Photographs help give context to a place and time.
Great Blue Heron and Bald Eagle, Carole Mebus
If you are familiar with our Facebook Page, you have seen many images provided by two outstanding photographers who generously share their talent with us weekly. Sometimes it is challenging to choose which image to post next.
Our photographer in the northern part of the towpath is Carole Mebus. She is a great photographer and has a deep knowledge of the flora and fauna of the region. Carole is exceptionally knowledgeable about birds, often using their bird calls to guide her way.
If you have tried to photograph a bird, you know it can be frustrating. The little creatures won’t sit still. But Carole has a talent for finding and capturing birds in a unique and artistic way.
We are also blessed to have a photographer in the southern section of the towpath, Judy Greger. Judy will tell you she has learned a great deal from Carole and has become an excellent photographer in her own right. Judy has a great talent for finding and capturing patterns made by nature. Whether it is ice crystals forming on the Canal or glistening autumn leaves, Judy finds beauty in the seemingly random order found around us.
A Tale of Two Nature Lovers
Mute Swan on Icy Canal, Judy Greger
Even though these women share a passion for nature and photography, their backgrounds are very different. Carole taught in the Easton School District for many years and became an environmental advocate after taking a summer course on Ecology at Lehigh University with Dr. Francis Trembly, the curriculum creator for the conservation major and head of the Ecology Department at Lehigh. At the time, he warned of DDT’s dangers on the Bald Eagle populations. As Carole points out, in the 1970’s, only two active bald eagle nests existed in Pennsylvania. Today, there are 300.
And while Carole spent a lot of time on walks and bird counts, she was not a photographer. That interest came when her husband gave her a camera for her retirement from teaching. From there, Carole has continued looking for just the right photograph.
Judy’s photographic journey was a bit different. She and her husband, another avid conservationist nicknamed “Mr. Earth Day”, were frequent visitors to the towpath. Judy would take her point-and-shoot camera on walks and was very disappointed with the results. So much so that she decided to enroll in a photography class at Bucks County Community College. The teacher asked the students to bring their cameras to class, and when he saw what Judy had been using, he said simply “That is not a camera.”
Since then, Judy has invested in better equipment, which has paid off. From Red-shouldered hawks to Blue dasher dragonflies, Judy’s images capture the true nature of her subjects.
Trends in Bird Populations
Great Blue Herons Courting, Judy Greger
Both Judy and Carole have noticed changes in the bird populations over the years. While it’s true we have seen a growth in the number of bald eagles in Bucks County, other species have not fared as well. Carole has seen the disappearance of Evening Grosbeaks at her bird feeder. Purple finches seem to have been replaced by House finches. And birds that would typically call southern climes their home have become more common in Pennsylvania.
Judy has also noticed a change in the bird populations in the Washington Crossing area. She rarely sees cormorants or egrets; however, the Great Blue Heron populations and Red-shouldered hawks are doing quite well. Both photographers noted that Bluebirds, a favorite photographic subject, seem abundant. This may be due in part to the numerous bluebird houses that residents throughout the county have installed.
Not Just Birds
Fall Reflections, Judy GregerLocktenders House And Reflection at Ground Hog Lock – Carole Mebus
When not capturing images of our avian neighbors, Carole and Judy love taking pictures of butterflies, dragonflies, and other canal-side creatures. Carole said she became a bit obsessed with butterflies about ten years ago. One of her favorite spots to photograph is the zinnia patch at Trauger’s Farm. The vibrant flowers in the field punctuate the beauty of the butterflies.
Carole and Judy may differ in their locale (remember, Bucks County is a very long county), however they share a similar approach to their photographic endeavors. Both rely on serendipity, the excitement of not knowing what you may see, and the expectation that something magical just might appear for the perfect shot.
A Closing Note
We don’t know if you have ever tried taking a picture of a bird, but they can be the most difficult subjects. They fidget and flit. They can’t seem to sit still. And the minute one appears to want to cooperate, some friends fly by, and off they all go. It takes patience and perseverance to become good at capturing these creatures in their habitat. So, hats off to Carole and Judy for their skill, artistry, and willingness to share with all of us.
SOURCES FOR THE NOVICE BIRDER IN ALL OF US
Bald Eagle Pair
The Canal inspires artists of every kind. Painters, poets, and photographers have all tried to capture the beauty of this landscape. If you are interested in becoming more knowledgeable about the birds found along the Canal and beyond, our photographers shared some resources you may want to consider.
BIRD GUIDE/IDENTIFYING
Both Carole and Judy recommend the The Crossley ID Guide: Eastern Birds as one of the best bird-identifying resources. The Sibley Guide to Birds is another recognized resource.
If you are interested in bird calls (which is often how bird populations are counted), they recommend Merlin, the phone app developed by The Cornell Lab. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology website is a great source for information.
The Friends website has Flora and Fauna Galleries which feature many of the photographs we have shared over the years.
fodc.org/about-the-canal/photo-galleries/
BIRD WALKS AND NATURE CENTERS
If you are a novice birder, you may want to join some of the local bird walks that take place throughout the county. Here are a few places that organize bird walks along with their contact information.
Bucks County Audubon Society, New Hope, PA offers bird walks on the first and third Saturdays throughout the year. bcas.org/calendar Bucks County Birders, Churchville, PA: Monthly lectures (except December) as well as monthly birding trips to drivable locations. Churchville Nature Center, Churchville, PA: They offer walks every Saturday morning from October through February 8AM–10AM and March through September from 7–9AM. churchvillenaturecenter.org Mariton Wildlife Sanctuary, Easton, PA: Check with the Preserve Manager on the availability of weekly walks. natlands.org/mariton-weekly-bird-walks/ Peace Valley Park and Nature Center, Doylestown, PA: Along with events, the park offers a birding guide and binoculars to borrow. peacevalleynaturecenter.org Silver Lake Nature Center, Bristol PA: Free Birding Walks, Saturday Mornings. See website for details: silverlakenaturecenter.org/things-to-do/activitiesworkshopstrips/
PHOTOGRAPHY CLASSES
Both Carole and Judy have taken advantage of their local community colleges, Bucks County Community College and Northampton Community College.
CANAL CLEAN-UP DAY is Saturday, April 1 from 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM. All 58.9 miles of the Delaware Canal are ready for the Friends’ annual spring cleaning. Some sections of the Canal are closed for construction projects but we know our volunteers will do their best to get the open sections clean as a whistle.
As in years past, the Canal will be divided into approximately 25 Work Areas. We will assign volunteers (based on their preference) to a Coordinator who will help manage the logistics of the morning. We encourage both on-land and by-boat clean-ups. Last year, one of the kayakers helped retrieve a car seat from the water.
If you have questions or would like to volunteer either as a worker or as a community coordinator, please call 215-862-2021 or e-mail friends@fodc.org. If you know of a group (civic, school, scout…) that may be able to participate, let us know.
The Clean-Up Day Work Areas are listed below with a particular need in the areas marked in RED. We will also include the details on our Events page at fodc.org/event/canal-clean-up-day-2023/ on the Friends of the Delaware Canal Facebook page, and in our early March e-mail campaign. Last year more than 100 volunteers helped out on Clean-Up Day. This year, let’s try for 150. Many hands make light work!
Life on the canal was not an easy one in the best weather. But what was it like in the winter? Several of our Friends asked the question. So, in the spirit of trying to be a source of information, useful and otherwise, we did a bit of research.
Most Canal boatmen and their families would take to solid ground in the winter. Many Canallers had established homesteads on land, or they would move into the closest town or shanty nearby.
According to some oral histories, there were people, mostly young men, who might spend the colder months on the boat, but that was an exception, not the rule.
People who worked on the canal could not afford to remain idle all winter. Some men were employed to repair boats and other equipment in anticipation of a fresh start in spring. Others may have
gone to the coal mines or worked cutting ice for refrigeration. Still others would work on repairing the canal itself.
In the winter, sections of the canal were drained. Boats that were not housed in a boatyard would be positioned in the middle of the canal. As the water level dropped, the canal boats would rest in the bottom of the canal prism where they would stay until spring.
The ice could damage boats that became frozen in place, so every effort was made to store them safely for the winter. Some accounts describe how ice breakers were drawn through the canal
to release boats that were stuck. This task took a great deal of manpower as well as mule-power. In freezing temperatures, it was an arduous and dangerous process.
Today, a frozen canal no longer traps boats or provides ice. Instead, the canal in winter provides free fun for kids of all ages. Ice skating and hockey are two favorite pastimes. And you often see
cross-country skiers using the snowy towpath as they enjoy a relaxing and level glide.
So, be sure to take advantage of the Delaware Canal State Park in winter. Enjoy the serenity of the towpath covered in snow. Or, if skating is your passion, look for a solidly frozen spot to practice your figure-eights. And remember, always bring a friend or two.
Something new is brewing at Lock 11 in New Hope. A new exhibition commemorating the140th Birth Anniversary of William Francis Taylor will open in the old concession building next to the Locktender’s House at 145 South Main Street New Hope. The exhibit will provide a chronology of the life and times of Taylor and his contribution to preserving the Delaware Canal and Towpath.
Who was William Francis Taylor?
Before the Friends of the Delaware Canal came into being, there was the Delaware Valley Protective Association, and William Francis Taylor was its first president. Formed in 1933, the DVPA encouraged the state to restore and maintain the Canal. Later, the organization was also responsible for securing an essential historic national landmark designation, protecting the Canal and towpath for generations to come.
In 1939, Taylor launched a magazine titled Towpath Magazine, a monthly publication focused on preserving “the beauty and value of the valley.” He wrote numerous articles focused on nature and the environment. Notably, the significant beauty of the Delaware River Valley landscape and that of the canals—both the Delaware Canal and the Delaware and Raritan Canal—were frequent subject matter in his writing and his artwork, calling attention to the importance of their preservation.
An Artist of Distinction
Canal With Barge by William Francis Taylor
As an artist, William F. Taylor was considered part of the New Hope Impressionist School. Taylor was a student of William Lathrop and became well known for his landscapes and depiction of Washington Crossing the Delaware. His works can be found at the Corcoran Gallery and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
William F. Taylor was born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, where he started his art career as a lithographer and illustrator. In 1905 he moved to New York and studied with John Sloan at the Art Students League. Taylor had swiftly excelled in the illustration field and was appointed art director of the New York Journal in 1908. He held this position for several years while also working as a freelance artist and illustrator for national publications such as Harpers and Century magazines. For many years, Taylor worked for the A.G. Spalding Sporting Goods Company, creating the original art for most of their advertisements. Around 1910, while visiting Phillips Mill, Taylor met fellow artist Mary Smith Perkins, who was studying with his friend William Lathrop. A relationship developed, and in 1913, they married and moved to Lumberville, Pennsylvania. In that same year, Taylor became a naturalized citizen.
Living on the Delaware River, a stone’s throw away from the home of Daniel Garber, Taylor was surrounded by a wealth of subjects for his art. His paintings possess a distinct and appealing style, employing a bright, fresh palette using both a palette knife and brush to apply his paints. Painting the majority of his work within several miles of his home, Taylor also painted on Long Island in New York, and out west in the Yosemite Valley. However, he felt his strength as a painter was his ability to capture the beauty of Bucks County.
Taylor was a member of the Salmagundi Club, the Phillips Mill Community Association, the New Hope Artists and Writers Association, the Delaware Valley Protective Association, and the Asbury Park Society of Fine Art.
He exhibited at the Province of Ontario (1902 medal), the National Academy of Design, the Society of Independent Artists (1917), the Salmagundi Club (1924, 1927, and 1932 prizes), the Philadelphia Art Club (1924 prize), the Philadelphia Art Alliance (Purchase Prize), and the Phillips Mill.
A Persistent Preservationist
Cuttalossa Inn
William F. Taylor is remembered today not only for his fine impressionist landscape paintings but also for his organizing and writing abilities. In October 1928, he was appointed to head a subscription committee that would ultimately be responsible for purchasing the Phillips Mill for use as an exhibition space and community center. In 1963, he published a history of the mill. Additionally, he published several articles on local artists. Taylor remained active until his death at age eighty-seven.
Taylor’s love of history and preservation was also evident in his purchase and restoration of the Cuttalossa Inn. He acquired the 180-year-old building in 1930. He also owned, lived in, and rented rooms at the Hard Times Tavern.
Let’s Celebrate a Life of Art and Impact
We hope you will join us for the opening of the William F. Taylor exhibit. We will send an email with the exhibit opening date in the near future.
Leadership:
A new administration is now in Harrisburg, led by the recently elected governor, Josh Shapiro. We were happy to learn that Governor Shapiro nominated Secretary Cindy Adams Dunn to continue to lead DCNR.
Budget: Over $5 million of the Bureau’s $60 million allocation of Federal American Rescue Plan Act Funding (ARPA) is coming to the canal in projects that are in design or soon to be under design:
• Lumberville Aqueduct–Design
• High Falls Sub-Canal Culvert–Design
• Towpath Bypass over Inlet at New Hope–Design
• Spahrs Bridge Substructure Rehab–Design
• Bowman’s Wastegate Repair–Bidding
• Repair of Flood Damage (Easton Inlet toCoffeetown) –Bidding
Staffing: We are planning an on-site hiring event for early April at Buckstone Farm. We are looking to fill several vacancies, including:
• Two entry level wage maintenance positions
• Two salaried DCNR Rangers
• One wage DCNR Ranger/Trainee
If you know anyone interested in any of these positions, please ask them to contact the Park Office at 610-982-5560. The Park is working on a residency waiver to open the candidate pool up to non-commonwealth residents. All of these jobs are posted at employment.pa.gov.
New Equipment:
The Southern maintenance crew received a new backhoe. This delivery was delayed due to supply issues. This backhoe and a recently purchased tractor/mower will increase the efficiency and safety of the staff, while supporting the upkeep of the park.
Project updates:
• A significant sinkhole at the wastegate near the Golden Pheasant Inn has re-developed. This problem appeared last year and was repaired. Since that time, it resurfaced at double the size. Crews excavated the site, identified the root cause, and completed the repairs.
• The pump at Center Bridge, which provides water through New Hope, is offline indefinitely. A generous funding source for the monthly utility fee for the operation of this pump is no longer viable, and by policy, the Park does not pay this fee. Anyone interested in providing funding for this pump should contact the Friends of the Delaware Canal directly.
• Rt 532 bridge in Washington Crossing was damaged by a vehicle in early December. PennDOT is responsible for completing repairs; however, they have not provided a timeline for completion. Please use caution in this area and obey posted signage.
• The Park Administration continues to work toward obtaining a grant from NOAA, through DEP, to help develop a plan to address invasive vegetation within the southern end of the Park that falls in the Delaware River Coastal Zone. Once developed and implemented, this will help remove undesirable vegetation from the Park.
New E-Bike Policy Outlined:
The DCNR approved a new E-Bike Policy after receiving input from constituents and Park users. The policy states that department staff will treat E-Bikes the same as human-powered bikes, provided the E-Bikes meet the following criteria:
• Weigh no more than 100 pounds
• Do not exceed 20 mph using the motor functionality
• Are equipped with a motor no more than 750 watts
• Are equipped with fully functional, operable pedals
If you would like to review the policy online, please visit www.dcnr.pa.gov/Pages/EBikePolicy.aspx
TOWPATH CLOSURE*(Mile Post 44.27)*-The towpath will be closed at the High Falls Creek sub-canal culvert(MP 44.27) until further notice due to massive damage that occurred during tropical storm Ida. The purpose of this closure is for PUBLIC SAFETY. Trail users should turn around at the closure and NOT attempt to get by it.
We are lucky to have many committed Canal Tenders who send photos and often take matters into their own hands. In the southern section of the Canal, one of these
This year, on July 4th weekend, several favorite spots along the canal exceeded capacity. The gates at the Virginia Forrest Recreation Area had to be closed due to overcrowding. Since the pandemic, the number of visitors has continued to grow along with their impact on the local economy.
NEW THIS YEAR – Minnie Mule The cutest, most adorable plush mule sporting FODC Bandana: $15.00
This Inn was built in 1838 by Benjamin Riegel, a wealthy miller who owned property on either side of the Delaware River. His New Jersey operations included a grist mill and an oil mill. John Riegel, the grandson of Benjamin, continued the industrial legacy of the family by adding a paper mill which became known as the Riegel Paper Company, one of the largest employers in the area until the 1990’s.
The Lenape Indian Tribe originally inhabited the site of the current Inn and restaurant. They used a deep natural pool in the rocks at the base of the Nockamixon Cliffs as a holding tank for fish they had caught in the Delaware River. When the current building was erected in 1820, owner Jacob Krouse used the rock walls of the tank as his new tavern’s foundation. The tavern license for the site dates back to 1812 when the pilots of lumber rafts were served a blicky (quart) of beer for a nickel.
Another popular spot along the Canal is the Homestead General Store. This business has served the local community since the early 1800’s and is the oldest continuously operating general store in Bucks County providing provisions as well as a place to trade some canal gossip.
Now a private residence, the Uhlerstown Hotel was once a favorite resting spot for weary travelers. Built around 1840, the hotel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. Today, the entire hamlet is listed as a historic district.
Originally called the Delaware House, the Golden Pheasant Inn was built in 1857 to cater to the canal trade. The Inn offered housing for men and mules along with provisions. When the Canal closed in 1931, the Inn suffered hard times until 1967, when it was purchased by Ralph Schneider, who named it the Golden Pheasant Inn.
At one time, Point Pleasant was a bustling commercial center largely catering to the canal and carriage trade and then to vacationers who discovered the charms of this river valley town.
The Friends of the Delaware Canal headquarters is the Locktender’sHouse at Lock 11 in New Hope. As part of our lease agreement, the Friends not only paid to renovate the building before we took occupancy, but we also pay to maintain the exterior.
When we hear about a project to enhance the experience of towpath users, we are all in. The Friends have long advocated for, and sometimes financed, essential modifications and improvements that provide better pedestrian access to the towpath.
Favored by the founding fathers of our country, the mules established a stellar reputation when they came to the new world. Spanish missions used mules in their western North American missions in the early 1700s. George Washington, an avid farmer, became interested in utilizing mules and imported two male donkeys from Spain to begin a breeding program.
So, when commerce on the Delaware Canal began, mules were the logical choice. From the perspective of the canal boat operator, mules had several distinct advantages. They had a sturdy constitution and were not prone to health problems. They could work long hours, perhaps slower than a horse, but they would keep going. The structure of the mule’s hoof increases its stability, and mules have fewer foot-related problems than horses. And mules seem to be calmer, exhibiting more common sense than a horse. According to author Rinker Buck, who wrote a book about his experience retracing the Oregon Trail in a covered wagon pulled by three mules, “Mules have a larger cranial capacity and thus larger brains than horses—a gift from their feral, burro side—and they ponder things a lot more.”
< Dame’s Rocket is a flowering biennial member of the mustard family. This plant has some historical significance as it was recorded as one of the first wildflowers imported to the colonies from Europe. Also known as Sweet Rocket, its fragrance is most pronounced in the evening sometimes confused with Phlox, the flower of Dame’s Rocket has four petals, versus Phlox, which has five. The flowers come in an assortment of spring colors, including white, pink, and purple. It prefers to grow in sunny, moist locations and can be found on the margins of marshes and woodlands. It is considered an invasive species in Pennsylvania.
< Dutchman’s Breeches is a perennial herbaceous plant native to eastern North America. This diminutive woodland plant has white flowers that resemble pants hanging from a clothesline. According to the Bowman’s Flower Preserve Native Plant Guide, the flower is an early nectar source for emerging queen bees. As a member of the Dicentra family (bleeding heart), it is also called Little Blue Staggers because it appears to have a narcotic effect on cows causing them to seem drunk.
< Jack-in-the-Pulpit is an herbaceous, woodland, flowering perennial. This unusual, illusive plant generally flowers from April to June in Pennsylvania. And while they are not easy to spot, they are well worth the effort. These plants typically grow about 1 foot tall and have an interesting construction. The “pulpit” of the flower is called a spathe, a long leaf covering a cluster of flowers. The “jack” is a long stalk with flowers that can be male or female. However, this plant is not self-pollinating. It relies on small flies to help in that regard. The pungent odor of the plant tends to attract flies and other small insects. Jack-in-the-pulpit is often confused with the carnivorous pitcher plant. At the end of the summer, while the remaining plant withers. The female flowers turn into small red berries, which are a food source for birds. One source noted that native Americans used the red coloring as a dye.
< Mayapples bloom in late spring after many ephemerals have faded. They grow in colonies in forested areas creating a canopy of umbrella-like plants. The plants bear one white flower, which matures into a yellow fruit and can be used to make jam. Harry Potter fans will be pleased to know that this herbaceous perennial is also known as mandrake.
< Swamp Rose-mallow is a showy hibiscus and one of the largest perennials in our area. It can be spotted in wet and boggy areas next to the towpath and along the Canal banks in some areas and has established some large colonies. This is a winter-hardy plant with a decidedly tropical flair. The flower color ranges from white to pink to red with a crimson center and yellow stamen. These plants are host to several butterfly larvae and are a food source for hummingbirds as well.
< Wild Ginger is a plant with a lot to offer. It grows in most forested areas and has some interesting adaptations. The flower has three triangular petals, which are hidden beneath heart-shaped leaves. Like the jack-in-the-pulpit, this plant relies on flying insects for pollination. As flies emerge in the spring, they are attracted to the flower, which looks and smells like carrion. The seeds are covered in an oily substance favored by ants who carry the seed back to their colony, eat the oily covering, and plant the seed. Native Americans and early settlers used the dried root of wild ginger as a spice. These plants also contain two antibiotic compounds and were used to make a poultice to treat wounds.
Northern Catalpas are fast-growing showy trees with large heart-shaped tropical-looking leaves. Due in part to its size and its abundant display of flowers, this shade tree has become a popular addition to suburban landscapes. The USDA, however, considers it an invasive weed tree, so if you like the almost wisteria-like blossoms
Our annual Clean-up Day event got off to a rainy start, but we are pleased to announce that nearly all sections of the towpath were given a proper spring cleaning throughout the month
WE GREATLY
With our annual Canal Clean-up behind us, it is time to reflect on the year-round dedication of our Canal Tenders. After our annual spring-cleaning
The towpath is nearly 60 miles long, making it difficult to manage in the best circumstances. When you combine the park’s size with the effect of storms, trees, and people, DCNR has a lot
As in years past, the Canal will be divided into approximately 25 Work Areas. We will assign volunteers (based on their preference) to a Coordinator who will help manage the logistics of the morning. We encourage both on-land and by-boat clean-ups. Last year, one of the kayakers helped retrieve a car seat from the water.
Life on the canal was not an easy one in the best weather. But what was it like in the winter? Several of our Friends asked the question. So, in the spirit of trying to be a source of information, useful and otherwise, we did a bit of research.
Something new is brewing at Lock 11 in New Hope. A new exhibition commemorating the140th Birth Anniversary of William Francis Taylor will open in the old concession building next to the Locktender’s House at 145 South Main Street New Hope. The exhibit will provide a chronology of the life and times of Taylor and his contribution to preserving the Delaware Canal and Towpath.
New E-Bike Policy Outlined: